News on November 18th, according to foreign news reports, earlier today, the International Authoritative Evidence -based Medical Academic Organization -COCHRANE Collaboration (COCHRANE) released an update of the evaluation of the electronic smoke quitting system.

Researchers at the University of Oxford found that more evidence from 17 new studies provides more evidence that electronic cigarettes are more effective than traditional nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). It is twice the other smokers.

COCHRANE summarizes and explained science and medical research to comment and analyze the key scientific issues that are considered to be the gold standards of the medical community. The review aims to test the effectiveness, tolerance and safety of electronic cigarettes to help smoking quitters, including 78 studies representing 22052 participants. 40 of them are random control tests.

The main discoveries and conclusions of the COCHRANE review are as follows:

High -definition evidence shows that compared with traditional nicotine replacement therapy, e -cigarettes with nicotine increase the opportunity to quit smoking for a long time.

Compared with traditional nicotine replacement therapy users, every 100 people who try to quit smoking, electronic cigarettes may produce four more smokers.

Evidence also shows that nicotine electronic cigarettes may be more helpful to those who try to quit smoking, although the conclusions from researchers are not sure.

In addition, there is a very important discovery that researchers have not found evidence that electronic cigarettes are seriously harmful.

The results of COCHRANE's research clearly show that electronic cigarettes can play a key role in the transition of several generations of smokers to reduce risks. Compared with products that use tasteless or tobacco -flavored electronic smoke products, COCHRANE's tasteless product shows that the possibility of fully quitting smoking can be increased by 43%.

As more and more evidence supports electronic cigarettes, legislators and their electronic cigarette voters stand together to oppose anti -science restrictions.

Cancer experts welcomes this report, and it has increased more and more evidence that electronic cigarettes are effective smoking cessation tools.

Dr. Jamie Hartmann-Boyce of the article said: Since its launch of electronic cigarettes more than ten years ago, e-cigarettes have caused a lot of misunderstandings in the public health world and mass media.

"This is the first time, which provides us with highly determined evidence that proves that electronic cigarettes help people quit smoking than traditional nicotine replacement therapies, such as patch or gum."

Michelle Michell, CEO of the British Cancer Research Center::

We welcome this report, which adds more and more evidence to indicate that electronic cigarettes are an effective smoking cessation tool.

But we strongly oppose those who never smoke to use electronic cigarettes, especially young people. This is because they are relatively newer products, and we don't know the long -term impact of health.

Although the long -term impact of electronic cigarettes is still unknown, the harmful effect of smoking is irrelevant -smoking dies in the UK each year in the UK for cancer.

The British Cancer Research Center supports the British government's balanced supervision of electronic cigarettes, maximize the potential of electronic cigarettes to help people quit smoking, and at the same time reduce the risk of electronic cigarettes.

Researchers have concluded that more evidence is needed to help more people quit smoking, especially for evidence that new electronic cigarettes have better effects than early electronic cigarettes.

They said they needed longer data.

Independent experts said that the result should be assured of smokers, and electronic cigarettes can help them quit smoking.

Dr. Sharajackson, chief researcher at the University of London's Tobacco and Alcohol Research Group, said:

Electronic cigarettes are very popular among smokers who want to quit smoking. In the UK, there is an electronic cigarette every three smoking quitting attempts.

More and more experiments have tested whether electronic cigarettes can make smokers easier to quit smoking successfully. This review provides the strictest and latest summary of this evidence.

With more available data than ever, the author comes to conclusions. There are high -quality evidence that electronic cigarettes are more effective in helping people quit smoking than traditional nicotine replacement therapies (such as nicotine patch and gum).

These discoveries were obtained after reviewing the hazards of electronic cigarettes recently. The censorship showed clear evidence that electronic cigarettes only caused a small part of smoking health risks.

In general, these reports should reassure the smokers, the electronic cigarettes are safer to use, and can increase the opportunity to quit smoking.

The following is the full text of research:

background

Electronic cigarette (EC) is a handheld electronic atomization equipment that generates gas solution by heating electronic liquid. Some smokers use EC to quit smoking or reduce smoking, although some organizations, advocate groups and policy makers do not encourage this on the grounds of lack of validity and security evidence. Smokers, healthcare providers and regulators want to know whether EC can help people quit smoking, and whether they are safe for this purpose. This is an evaluation update conducted as part of the real -time system evaluation.

Target

The purpose of testing the use of electronic cigarettes (EC) helps smokers to achieve the effectiveness, tolerance and safety of long -term smoking quit.

Search method

We searched the COCHRANE tobacco addiction group professional registration database, COCHRANE's central registry, Medline, Embase, and PsyCinfo as of July 1, 2022. They also conducted a reference inspection and contacted the research author.

Selection criteria

We incorporate the random control test (RCT) and random cross -tests, and the smokers are randomly assigned to EC or control conditions. We also incorporated the study of non -control intervention, and all of them accepted EC intervention. Studies must report to the smoking quitting situation for 6 months or longer, or one week or longer security labeling data, or both.

Data collection and analysis

We follow the standard COCHRANE method to screen and data extraction. Our main ending indicators are at least six months of follow -up smoking, bad events (AE), and serious adverse events (SAE). The secondary results include the proportion of people who are still using research products (EC or Drug Therapy) six months or longer after EC or more after using EC The level of blood oxygen saturation, lung function, carcinogen or toxic substances or two. We use a fixed effect MANTEL-HANSZEL model to calculate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confident interval (CI) of the second classification results. For continuous results, we calculated the average difference. In proper circumstances, we have gathered data in the analysis.

Main result

We include 78 completed studies, representing 22,052 participants, of which 40 are random control tests. 17 of the 78 studies are newly updated in this review. In the research included, we rated 10 studies (except for one main contribution to us) as the general low bias risk, and 50 overall risks (including all non -random studies), and the remaining risks were unknown.

To be sure, the smoking cessation rate for randomly receiving nicotine EC treatment is higher than the smoking cessation rate for randomly received nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.04; i 2 = 10%; 6 studies, 2378 people Examination). In an absolute sense, this may be transformed to 4 of per 100 people (95% CI 2 to 6). Evidence with medium quality (restrictions on inaccurate) indicates that the incidence of AE between group AE is similar (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.19; i 2 = 0%; 4 studies, 1702 subjects). SAE is rare, but there is no sufficient evidence to determine whether the incidence between the group is different due to very serious inaccurate (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.52; i 2 = 34%; 5 studies, 2411 trials are subject to the trial By).

There is a medium -quality evidence, which is limited by inaccurate. The smoking cessation rate that randomly distributes to the Nicotine EC group is higher than that of the Nigitine EC group (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.13; I 2 = 0%; 5 studies, 1447 places Participants). From the perspective of absolute value, this may lead to 7 cigarettes from 100 people (95% CI 2 to 16). Evidence with medium quality indicates that there is no difference in the incidence of AE between these groups (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.11; I 2 = 0%; 5 studies, 1840 participants). Due to very serious inaccurate (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.79; i 2 = 0%; 8 studies, 1272 subjects), there is no enough evidence to determine whether the incidence of SAE between the group is different.

Compared with acting support/unpreparedness, the number of participants who randomly accept Nicotine EC (RR 2.66, 95% CI 1.52 to 4.65; i 2 = 0%; 7 studies, 3126 participants). Based on the absolute value, this means that the smoking quit is increased by 2 people (95% CI 1 to 3) per 100 people. However, due to the problems of inaccurate and bias risks, the definition of this discovery is very low. There are some evidence that (non -serious) AE is more common among people who randomly accept Nicotine EC (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.32; i 2 = 41%, low certainty; 4 studies, 765 participants) And again, there is no sufficient evidence to determine whether the incidence of SAE is different from each group (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.97; i 2 = 38%; 9 studies, 1993 subjects) Essence

Data from non -random research are consistent with RCT data. The most commonly reported AE is throat/oral stimulation, headache, cough and nausea. These bad events often disappear with EC. There are few research reports of other results or comparisons, so the evidence of these results is limited, and CI usually contains significant clinical harm and benefits.

The author's conclusion

Highly certain evidence shows that compared with NRT, electronic cigarettes containing Nigerine can increase the smoking cessation rate, and evidence of medium quality shows that they can increase the smoking cessation rate compared to e -cigarettes without nicotine. Evidence of comparing nicotine EC with conventional nursing/non -treatment also shows benefits, but it is not sure. More research is needed to confirm the effect of the effect. For data of AE, SAE, and other security labels, there is a large extent to the confidence. There is no difference in AE between nicotine and Nigine EC and nicotine EC and NRT. The overall incidence of SAE in all research groups is very low. We did not find evidence that Nicotine EC caused serious harm, but the longest follow -up time was two years, and the number of research was small.

The main limitations of the foundation of evidence are still inaccurate, because the number of RCTs is small, and the incident rate is usually low, but further RCT is in progress. In order to ensure the latest information from the decision makers, this review is a real -time system review. We searches monthly and update comments when obtaining relevant new evidence. Please refer to the COCHRANE system evaluation database to understand the current state of the evaluation.

More relevant information:

Can electronic cigarettes help people quit smoking? If it is used for this purpose, will electronic cigarette have adverse effects?

What is electronic cigarette?

Electronic cigarettes (electronic cigarettes) are handheld equipment, and work by heating liquids that usually contain nicotine and flavoring agents. Electronic cigarettes allow you to inhale nicotine instead of smoke. Because they do not burn tobacco, electronic cigarettes will not make users come into contact with the same level of chemicals that may cause traditional cigarettes.

Electronic cigarettes are usually called electronic cigarettes. Many people use electronic cigarettes to help them quit smoking. In this review, we mainly pay attention to electronic cigarettes containing nicotine.

Why do we make this COCHRANE review?

Quit smoking can reduce the risk of lung cancer, heart disease, and many other diseases. Many people find it difficult to quit smoking. We want to know whether the use of electronic cigarettes can help people quit smoking and whether people who use electronic cigarettes for this purpose will encounter any adverse effects.

What did we do?

We search for research on using electronic cigarettes to help people quit smoking.

We look for random control tests. In these tests, the treatment of people is randomly determined. This type of research usually provides the most reliable evidence of the treatment effect. We also looked for the study of electronic cigarette therapy for everyone.

We are interested in understanding:

How many people quit smoking for at least six months.

How many people reported adverse reactions after at least one week.

Search date: We include evidence published as of July 1, 2022.

What did we find?

We found 78 studies, including 22,052 smokers. These studies will be electronic cigarettes:

Nicine replacement therapy, such as patch or gum;

Varenicline (a drug that helps people quit smoking);

Electronic cigarettes without nicotine;

Other types of nicine electronic cigarettes (such as smoke bomb device, updated device);

Behavior support, such as recommendation or consultation; or

No smoking quit.

Most studies occur in the United States (34 studies), Britain (16) and Italy (8).

What is our review result?

The use of nicotine e -cigarettes is more likely to quit smoking for at least six months than to use nicotine replacement therapy (6 studies, 2378 people) or e -cigarettes excluding nicotine (5 studies, 1447 people).

Compared with no support or behavior support, nicotine electronic cigarettes can help more people to quit smoking (7 studies, 3126 people).

Every 100 people use nicotine electronic smoke to quit smoking, 9 to 14 people may successfully quit smoking. In contrast, only 6 of the 100 people using Nicotine for replacement therapy have successfully quit smoking. Among the 100 people who use e -cigarettes without nicotine Seven people, only 4 of the 100 people who have no nicotine alternative therapy only support or behavior support.

We are not sure whether there is a difference between the use of nicotine electronic cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapy (no support or only behavior support). Some evidence shows that compared with groups that do not support or only receive behavior support, the serious adverse effects of non -serious adverse effects in the group that accepts nicotine electronic cigarettes is more common.

In the study of nicotine electronic cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapy, a small number of adverse reactions, including severe adverse reactions. Compared with electronic cigarettes excluding nicotine, there may be no difference in how many adverse effects that have occurred nicotine electronic cigarettes.

Nicotine electronic cigarettes are the most commonly reported side effects of throat or oral stimulation, headache, cough, and feelings. As people continue to use nicotine electronic cigarettes, these impacts will weaken over time.

How reliable are these results?

Our results are based on some research on most results, and data differences are very different for certain results.

We found that there is evidence that the nicotine electronic cigarette Bigdine replacement therapy can help more people to quit smoking. The electronic cigarettes containing Nigerine may help more people to quit smoking than the electronic cigarettes excluding nicotine, but more studies are still needed to prove this.

Comparing the nicotine electronic cigarettes with behavior support or non -support also shows that the smoking quit rate of people using nicotine electronic cigarettes is higher, but because of research design problems, the data provided is not sure.

When more evidence is available, most of our results on adverse effects may change.

Key Information

Nicotine electronic cigarettes can help people quit smoking for at least six months. Evidence shows that they are better than Nigerine's replacement therapy, and may be better than e -cigarettes without nicotine.

They may be better than supporting or individual behavior support, and they may not be associated with serious adverse effects.

However, we still need more evidence, especially about the effect of new electronic cigarettes. These electronic cigarettes have a better nicotine release effect than old -style electronic cigarettes, because better nicotine release may help more people to quit smoking.