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September 8 news, according to foreign reports, researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) said that long-term use of e-cigarettes can lead to progressive small airway obstruction and asthma-like symptoms, such as shortness of breath and chest pain.
In the first study to use microscopy to assess lung tissue in e-cigarette users for chronic disease, the team found fibrosis and damage to the small airways in a small sample of patients, similar to what is typically seen in returning soldiers The resulting chemical inhalation damage to the lungs comes from overseas conflicts inhaling mustard or similar types of toxic gases.
The study was published in the New England Journal of Medical Evidence.
Lead author Lida Hariri said: "All four individuals in our study had lesions in the same anatomical location within the lungs, presenting with small airway-centered fibrosis with constrictive bronchiolitis, which was attributable to a thorough clinical evaluation. E-cigarette use after ruling out other possible causes," said pathologist and medical investigator MD, PhD, MGH. "We also observed that when patients stopped vaping, their condition was partially reversed within 1 to 4 years, but not completely due to residual scarring in the lung tissue."
E-cigarette use has increased substantially in the United States, especially among young adults and teens, with research showing that approximately 9 percent of the population and nearly 28 percent of high school students are e-cigarette users. Unlike smoking, however, the long-term health risks of long-term vaping are largely unknown.
To determine the underlying pathophysiology of vaping-related symptoms, the MGH team examined a cohort of four patients, each with a 3- to 8-year history of vaping use and chronic lung disease. All patients underwent detailed clinical evaluation, including pulmonary function tests, high-resolution chest imaging, and surgical lung biopsy.
Constrictive bronchiolitis, or narrowing of the small airways due to fibrosis within the bronchiolar walls, was observed in each patient. So was the marked overexpression of MUC5AC, a protein that forms a gel in the mucus layer of the airways and has been seen in airway cell and sputum samples from people who vaped.
In addition, three of the four patients had evidence of mild emphysema, consistent with their previous history of combustible cigarette smoking,
Since the same type of lung injury was observed in all patients and symptoms improved after cessation of e-cigarette use, the researchers concluded that vaping was the most likely cause after a thorough evaluation and exclusion of other possible causes .
"Our investigations suggest that chronic pathological abnormalities may be associated with e-cigarette exposure," said David Christian, MD, a medical researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Physicians need to understand the scientific evidence when advising patients about the potential harms of long-term vaping, and this work adds to a growing body of toxicological evidence that nicotine vaping exposure can damage the lungs."
In one promising sign of the study, three of the four patients showed improvements in lung function tests and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest imaging after they stopped vaping.
"While there is growing evidence that vaping is a dangerous behaviour with possible long-term health consequences for users, our research also suggests that smoking cessation may be beneficial and help reverse certain conditions," Hariri said. some diseases.
Hariri is an Associate Pathologist at MGH and an Associate Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School (HMS). Christiani is a professor of medicine at HMS.
The research was funded by the National Institutes of Health.
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