A ban on e-cigarettes will lead to a rise in the consumption of traditional cigarettes, according to a new study in the journal Value in Health.

The study, which used state-level data on cigarette sales, showed that per capita cigarette sales in Massachusetts were 7.5% higher than expected following a blanket ban on nicotine vaping products. Both Rhode Island and Washington states have enacted bans on non-tobacco-flavored nicotine e-cigarettes, and per capita cigarette sales in both states are projected to be 4.6% higher than expected.

Convenience stores in those states sold an additional 3.4 million packs of cigarettes during the three-month study period, the researchers said.

This research was funded by the Juul lab.