Impembelelo yomongameli weTrump kwishishini le-e-cigarette

1. Iimbono ezingundoqo

1.1

Umgaqo-nkqubo kaTrump uyaguquguquka, kwaye imarike ye-e-cigarette inesiphithiphithi

Umgaqo-nkqubo kaTrump kwimarike ye-e-cigarette yase-US uye waguquguquka, obangele ukuba imarike ye-e-cigarette ibe nokuguquguquka okukhulu. Ekuqaleni, ulawulo lukaTrump lwalujonge ukutyikitya isithintelo kwi-e-cigarettes enencasa, intshukumo eyabangela inkcaso emandla kwishishini. Nangona kunjalo, uTrump kamva wathi uya kudibana nabameli beshishini le-e-cigarette ukuze baxoxe ngezisombululo, kwaye isimo sakhe sengqondo satshintsha kakhulu. Ukungaqiniseki komgaqo-nkqubo kwenza kube nzima kwiinkampani ze-e-cigarette ukwenza izicwangciso zophuhliso lwexesha elide, kwaye imarike nayo iye yawela kwisimo esingazinzanga. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lexesha apho iTump ivakalise ukuphunyezwa kokuvalwa, amaxabiso esitokhwe kwiinkampani ze-e-cigarette awela ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukuzithemba kwabatyalo-mali kwabethelwa kakhulu. Xa isimo sengqondo sikaTrump siye sadamba, imarike yaphinda yavuka ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile.

1.2

Imingeni kunye namathuba ahlala kunye kuphuhliso lweshishini

Phantsi kweempembelelo zemigaqo-nkqubo kaTrump, ishishini le-e-cigarette lijongene nobunzima obuninzi. Kwelinye icala, ukungaqiniseki komgaqo-nkqubo kwandisa imingcipheko yokusebenza kwamashishini, kwaye amashishini anokujongana neengxaki ezinjengokususwa kwemveliso kunye nemijelo yokuthengisa ethintelweyo. Ukongezelela, i-US Federal Trade Commission iphanda ukuba ngaba abavelisi be-e-cigarette basebenzise ukuthengisa okukhohlisayo kubantwana abancinci, okuye kwazisa uxinzelelo olukhulu kwishishini. Kwelinye icala, kukho amathuba ophuhliso anokubakho kushishino. UTumpump uthe uya kuhlambulula iimveliso zomgunyathi kunye neziphantsi, ezinike ithuba lokulawula ukuphuhliswa kweshishini. Ngexesha elifanayo, njengoko ingqalelo yabantu kwimpilo iqhubeka ikhula, i-e-cigarettes, njenge-substitute ye-cigarettes yendabuko, isenayo imfuno ethile yemarike. Ngokomzekelo, idatha ibonisa ukuba malunga ne-27.5% yabafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo kunye ne-10.5% yabafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo eziphakamileyo babike ukusebenzisa i-e-cigarettes kwiintsuku ze-30 ezidlulileyo, ezibonisa ukuba i-e-cigarettes inesibheno esithile phakathi kwabaselula. Ukuba ukulawulwa kwabantwana kunokuqiniswa kwaye umyalelo wemarike unokulawulwa, imboni ye-e-cigarette isenayo indawo yophuhliso.

2. Uhlalutyo lwemeko yemarike

2.1

Impembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo ye-macroeconomic ekusebenziseni i-e-cigarette

2.1.1

Inkqubo yendaleko yomgaqo-nkqubo kaTrump

Ngexesha lolawulo lukaTrump, umgaqo-nkqubo we-e-cigarette market uye watshintsha ezininzi. Ekuqaleni, ulawulo lwe-Trump lunenjongo yokutyikitya ukuvalwa kwe-e-cigarettes e-flavored, eya kuthintela ukuthengiswa kwazo zonke "i-e-cigarette e-flavored e-e-cuba, kubandakanywa ne-mint flavoured kunye neemveliso ze-e-cigarette ezine-menthol." Ukususela ngoko, uTumpump ucebise ukuphakamisa ubuncinci beminyaka yabathengi abathenga i-e-cigarettes ukusuka kwi-18 ukuya kwi-21. Ngelo xesha, uTumpump uphinde wathi uya kuhlambulula iimveliso zomgunyathi kunye ne-shoddy, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-e-cigarettes ikhuselekile kuwo wonke umntu, kwaye igcine abantwana kude ne-e-cigarettes. Isimo sengqondo sikaTrump malunga ne-e-cigarettes sitshintshile ukusuka ekuvimbeleni ngokuqinileyo i-e-cigarettes e-flavored, ekucingeni ukuphakamisa iminyaka yokuthenga, ukugxininisa ukucocwa kweemveliso zomgunyathi kunye ne-shoddy. Uhlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo lwemigaqo-nkqubo yakhe lubonisa iingqwalasela ezinzima zikarhulumente kwimarike ye-e-cigarette.

2.1.2

Isikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo ngokuziphatha kwabathengi

Utshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo kaTrump lube nempembelelo enkulu ekuzimiseleni kwabathengi ukuthenga nokusebenzisa imikhwa. Xa uTrump wayecebise ukuba kuthintelwe i-e-cigarettes enencasa, ukuzimisela kwabathengi ukuthenga i-e-cigarettes enencasa yehle kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, idatha ibonisa ukuba ngexesha lamahemuhemu okuvalwa, ukuthengiswa kwe-e-cigarettes e-flavored yehla kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo luye lwabangela ukuba abathengi bahlawule ngakumbi ukhuseleko lwe-e-cigarettes. Abanye abathengi baye baqalisa ukuthenga i-e-cigarette enencasa yecuba, bekholelwa ukuba ikhuselekile ngokwentelekiso. Ukongezelela, umgaqo-nkqubo wokunyusa iminyaka yokuthenga uthintele abanye abathengi abancinci ukuba bathenge i-e-cigarettes, ngaloo ndlela batshintshe ukhetho lwabo lokusetyenziswa. Imikhwa yabathengi yokusebenzisa i-e-cigarettes nayo itshintshile, kwaye banika ingqwalasela engakumbi ekuthengeni iimveliso kwiitshaneli ezisesikweni ukuphepha ukuthenga iimveliso zomgunyathi kunye nezingacacanga.

2.2

Ishishini lePanoramic Decoding

2.2.1

Ubume boShishino oluPheleleyo lweScan

Ngaphantsi kolawulo lukaTrump, imarike ye-e-cigarette yase-US ibonisa imeko enzima. Ngokwezibalo, ubungakanani bemakethi ye-e-cigarette yehlabathi ngo-2018 yayimalunga neebhiliyoni ezingama-23 zeedola, apho ubungakanani bemakethi ye-e-cigarette yaseNyakatho Melika yayimalunga neebhiliyoni ezi-6 zeedola. Njengeyona marike inkulu yehlabathi yabathengi be-e-cigarette, iUnited States inesabelo esibalulekileyo semarike. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweempembelelo zemigaqo-nkqubo kaTrump, ukukhula kwemarike ye-e-cigarette yase-US kuye kwacinezelwa kwinqanaba elithile. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokuvalwa kwamahemuhemu, ukukhula kobungakanani bemakethi kwanciphisa.

2.2.2

Iimbono ezininzi zoKhuphiswano lweMeko

Iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ze-e-cigarette zilungelelanise izicwangciso zabo zokhuphiswano phantsi kweempembelelo zemigaqo-nkqubo kaTrump. Ezinye iimpawu, ezifana noJuul, zithathe inyathelo lokususa iimveliso ezikhethiweyo kwiishelufu xa zijongene noxinzelelo lomgaqo-nkqubo ukubonisa intsebenziswano kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente. Kwangaxeshanye, uJuul waphinda wagxininisa uncedo lweemveliso ezinencasa kubantu abadala abatshayayo, bezama ukufumana amathuba entengiso ngaphakathi kwendawo evunyelwe ngumgaqo-nkqubo. Ezinye iimpawu nazo zomeleza ulawulo lomgangatho wemveliso, ukusungula iimveliso ezinomxholo we-nicotine ophantsi, kunye nokwandisa ngokusebenzayo amajelo okuthengisa.

2.3

Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kweentsingiselo zemarike

2.3.1

Ukulandelela okuguquguqukayo komda weTekhnoloji

Ngaphantsi kwemvelaphi yomgaqo-nkqubo kaTrump, isikhokelo sophuhliso lwe-elektroniki ye-cigarette technology innovation iye yachaphazeleka kwinqanaba elithile. Kwelinye icala, iinkampani zinika ingqwalasela ngakumbi kukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nolawulo lomgangatho, kwaye zonyusa utyalo-mali kuphando nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yecuba ye-elektroniki. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iinkampani zihlawula ingqalelo ngakumbi kulawulo lwezithako ze-e-liquid ngexesha lophando kunye nenkqubo yophuhliso, kwaye zigweme ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinokuthi zibe yingozi kumzimba womntu. Kwangaxeshanye, iinkampani zisebenza nzima ukuphucula incasa kunye nokusebenzisa amava emidiza ye-elektroniki ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi. Kwelinye icala, ukusungulwa kwetekhnoloji kukwahamba kwicala elikrelekrele ngakumbi, njengokusungula iimveliso zecuba ze-elektroniki ezinemisebenzi yokulawula ekrelekrele, enokuthi yenziwe ngumntu ngokwemikhwa yokusetyenziswa komsebenzisi.

2.3.2

Ukuqonda kwinguquko yemfuno yabathengi

Iimfuno zabathengi zencasa yecuba ye-elektroniki, ukhuseleko, njl.njl. nazo zihlala zitshintsha. Ngokuphathelele incasa, ngenxa yezithintelo zomgaqo-nkqubo kwimidiza ye-elektroniki enencasa, imfuno yabathengi yeecuba ze-elektroniki ezinencasa zinokunyuka. Ngelo xesha, abathengi baneemfuno eziphezulu zokhuseleko lwe-cigarettes ye-elektroniki kwaye bahlawule ingqalelo ngakumbi kumgangatho kunye nezithako zeemveliso. Umzekelo, abathengi baya kukhetha ukuthenga iimveliso kwiitshaneli eziqhelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweemveliso. Ukongeza, iimfuno zabathengi zokusebenziseka lula kunye nokuzenzela umntu imidiza ye-elektroniki ziyanda, kwaye banethemba lokuthenga iimveliso ezihlangabezana neemfuno zabo ngcono.

3. Uhlalutyo lweMpembelelo yoMgaqo-nkqubo

3.1

Impembelelo kubavelisi be-E-cigarette

Utshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lukaTrump kwi-e-cigarettes ibe neempembelelo ezininzi kubavelisi. Ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso, ukuvinjelwa kwe-e-cigarettes e-flavored kubangele ukuhla okubukhali kwimveliso kwiinkampani ezivelisa kakhulu i-e-cigarettes ekhethiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abavelisi be-e-cigarette abancinci ekuqaleni babenemveliso ephezulu ye-e-cigarettes ekhethiweyo. Emva kokuqaliswa kokuvalwa komsebenzi, imveliso yawo yehla kakhulu, yaye bade bajamelana nengxaki yokusinda. Ngokwezibalo, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuvalwa komsebenzi, imveliso yezinye iinkampani zehla nge-30% ukuya kwi-50%. Ngokweendleko, umgaqo-nkqubo wokunyusa iminyaka yokuthenga unciphise imfuno yemarike. Ukuze uphile, iinkampani kufuneka zonyuse utyalo-mali lwentengiso ukuvula amaqela amatsha abathengi, ngaloo ndlela zonyusa iindleko zabo zokusebenza. Ngelo xesha, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zomgaqo-nkqubo wokhuseleko lwemveliso, iinkampani kufuneka zityale imali eninzi kuphando lweteknoloji kunye nophuhliso kunye novavanyo lomgangatho, okwandisa ngakumbi iindleko. Ngokumalunga nesabelo semarike, iinkampani ezinkulu kulula ukuziqhelanisa nohlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nempembelelo yophawu lwazo kunye namandla emali, kwaye isabelo sabo semarike sinokugxila ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokuguqulwa komgaqo-nkqubo, iimpawu ezinkulu ezifana neJuul ziye zazinzisa isabelo sabo semarike ukuya kwinqanaba elithile ngokususa ngenkuthalo iimveliso ezinencasa kwiishelufu kunye nokomeleza ulawulo lomgangatho. Amanye amashishini amancinci, angakwaziyo ukumelana neempembelelo zomgaqo-nkqubo, ngokuthe ngcembe aphulukene nesabelo semarike kumashishini amakhulu.

3.2

Ukulungelelaniswa kweendlela zokuthengisa

Utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo luye lwatshintsha kakhulu ukucwangciswa kweshaneli yokuthengisa kunye neqhinga lokuthengisa i-e-cigarettes. Ngokubhekiselele kwisakhiwo seshaneli yokuthengisa, ngokuphunyezwa kokuvalwa kokuthengiswa kwe-intanethi, iinkampani kufuneka zithembele ngakumbi kwiivenkile eziphathekayo ezingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi ukuthengisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo wokunyusa iminyaka yokuthenga, izitolo ze-offline eziphathekayo nazo zijongene nokulawulwa okungqongqo kunye nesidingo sokuqinisa ukuqinisekiswa kweminyaka yobudala, okwandisa ubunzima kunye neendleko zokuthengisa. Ngelo xesha, abanye abathengisi abakhulu abanjengoWalmart bayeka ukuthengisa i-e-cigarettes phantsi koxinzelelo lomgaqo-nkqubo, becinezela ngakumbi amajelo okuthengisa. Ngokubhekiselele kwisicwangciso sokuthengisa, iinkampani kufuneka zilungelelanise izicwangciso zazo kwaye zihlawule ngakumbi ukwakhiwa kwe-brand kunye nomgangatho wemveliso wokupapashwa ukutsala abathengi. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iinkampani zaqala ukugxininisa ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho we-e-cigarette enencasa yecuba kunye nokuthengisa intengiso echanekileyo kubathengi abadala. Kwangaxeshanye, iinkampani zikwandise ngokukhutheleyo amajelo amatsha okuthengisa, afana nokusebenzisana neevenkile eziluncedo, izikhululo zegesi, njl.njl. Ukongeza, ukuze kumelane notshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo, iinkampani zikwaqinise unxibelelwano nentsebenziswano namasebe karhulumente, zathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo, zaza zazamela imeko-bume yomgaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo ngakumbi.

3.3

Ukukhuthazwa okanye ukucinezelwa kwemveliso entsha

Imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo lukaTrump zombini ikhuthaze kwaye ithintele ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nophuhliso lwemveliso yeshishini le-e-cigarette. Kwelinye icala, iimfuno zomgaqo-nkqubo wokhuseleko lwemveliso ziye zakhuthaza iinkampani ukuba zandise utyalo-mali lwazo kubuchule obutsha nokukhuthaza inkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe kushishino. Ngokomzekelo, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zolawulo lomgaqo-nkqubo wezithako ze-e-liquid, iinkampani ziye zandisa utyalo-mali lwazo kuphando lwe-e-liquid kunye nophuhliso ukuze kuphuhliswe iimveliso ze-e-liquid ezikhuselekileyo nezinempilo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho kunye nencasa yeemveliso zabo, iinkampani zikwasoloko ziphonononga itekhnoloji entsha kunye neenkqubo. Kwelinye icala, ukungaqiniseki kwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nokubekw' esweni okungqongqo nako kuzise imiqobo ethile ekuyilweni kwezinto ezintsha. Xa iinkampani zisenza izinto ezintsha zetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso lwemveliso, kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo izithintelo zomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nemingcipheko, enokuthi ikhokelele kwinkuthazo enganelanga yenguqulelo yeshishini. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iinkampani ziyesaba ukutyala imali eninzi kuphando kunye nophuhliso ngenxa yokuba zinexhala malunga neempembelelo zokuguqulwa komgaqo-nkqubo kwiimveliso ezintsha. Ukongeza, izithintelo zomgaqo-nkqubo kwii-e-cigarettes ezinencasa nazo zineenkampani ezinyiniweyo kutshintsho lwemveliso kwaye zenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabathengi.

Ngokusekwe kwimpembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo ye-e-cigarette yangaphambili kaTrump, kuqikelelwa ukuba imeko yexesha elizayo yophuhliso lwemarike ye-e-cigarette yehlabathi iya kubonisa iimpawu ezininzi:

Okokuqala, ukulawulwa kweemarike kuya kuba ngqongqo. Umgaqo-nkqubo ongqongqo olawulayo wase-United States kwimarike ye-e-cigarette unokubangela ukuba amanye amazwe alandele, kwaye amazwe aya kuqinisa ukulawulwa kwe-e-cigarette market kwaye alawule umyalelo wemarike.

Okwesibini, ukusungulwa kweteknoloji kuya kuba ngundoqo. Ngaphantsi kwemigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo yolawulo, iinkampani ziya kwandisa utyalo-mali kubuchule obutsha kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho weemveliso ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yemarike. Ukongeza, ukhuphiswano lweemarike luya kuba lukhulu. Ngokuqiniswa kokulawulwa kweemarike kunye nokukhuthazwa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ukhuphiswano kwimarike ye-e-cigarette luya kuba lukhulu.

Iinkampani ezinkulu ziya kuba ne-advanteji kukhuphiswano lweemarike kunye nefuthe le-brand yazo kunye namandla emali, kwaye isabelo semarike siya kugxila ngakumbi. Iinkampani ezincinci kufuneka ziqhubeke nokusungula kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye namanqanaba eenkonzo ukuze zifumane indawo yentengiso.

Ekugqibeleni, imarike yamazwe ngamazwe iya kuba banzi. Ngokunyuka kokuqwalaselwa kwehlabathi kwimakethi ye-e-cigarette, imakethi yamazwe ngamazwe iya kuba ngumkhombandlela obalulekileyo wophuhliso kwiinkampani ze-e-cigarette. Iinkampani ziya kuqinisa ukwanda kweemarike zamazwe ngamazwe, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimarike enye, kunye nokuphucula ukumelana nomngcipheko.

Ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana nokuqhubeka komgaqo-nkqubo, kusekho ukungaqiniseki ekusebenzeni kwemarike ye-e-cigarette yase-US kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo we-Trump uyaqhubeka nokugcina i-posture yokulawula engqongqo kunye nezithintelo kwi-e-cigarettes ene-flavour ayiphumli, ubungakanani bemarike bunokuqhubeka buxinzelelwa. Iinkampani ziya kujongana noxinzelelo olukhulu lweendleko kunye noxinzelelo lokhuphiswano lwentengiso, kwaye imida yenzuzo inokucutheka ngakumbi.