Umthelela wobumongameli bukaTrump embonini ye-e-cigarette

1. Imibono ewumgogodla

1.1

Inqubomgomo kaTrump iyanyakaza, futhi imakethe ye-e-cigarette ineziyaluyalu

Inqubomgomo kaTrump ngemakethe kagwayi yase-US ibilokhu inyakaza, okubangele ukuthi imakethe ye-e-cigarette ibe nokuguquguquka okukhulu. Ekuqaleni, abaphathi bakaTrump babehlose ukusayina ukuvinjelwa kogwayi we-e enongiwe, umnyakazo owadala ukuphikiswa okuqinile kwemboni. Kodwa-ke, uTrump kamuva wathi uzohlangana nabamele imboni ye-e-cigarette ukuze baxoxe ngezixazululo, futhi isimo sakhe sengqondo sashintsha kakhulu. Lokhu kungaqiniseki kwenqubomgomo kwenza kube nzima ezinkampanini zikagwayi we-elekthronikhi ukwenza amasu entuthuko yesikhathi eside, futhi imakethe nayo isiwele esimweni esingazinzile. Isibonelo, phakathi nenkathi lapho uTrump ememezela ukuqaliswa okungenzeka kokuvinjelwa, amanani entengo ezinkampani ze-e-cigarette ehla kakhulu, futhi ukuzethemba kwabatshalizimali kwathinteka kakhulu. Lapho isimo sengqondo sikaTrump sidamba, imakethe yaphinde yavuka ngezinga elithile.

1.2

Izinselelo namathuba kuhlangana ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni

Ngaphansi kwethonya lezinqubomgomo zikaTrump, imboni ye-e-cigarette ibhekene nobunzima obuningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungaqiniseki kwenqubomgomo kwandisa ubungozi bokusebenza kwamabhizinisi, futhi amabhizinisi angase abhekane nezinkinga ezinjengokususwa komkhiqizo kanye namashaneli okuthengisa anemikhawulo. Ukwengeza, i-US Federal Trade Commission iphenya ukuthi abakhiqizi be-e-cigarette basebenzise ukuthengisa okukhohlisayo ngokumelene nabancane, okubuye kwaletha ingcindezi enkulu embonini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akhona amathuba okuthuthuka embonini. UTrump uthe uzokhuculula imikhiqizo ewumkokotelo nesezingeni eliphansi, okunikeze ithuba lokulawula ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba ukunaka kwabantu empilweni kuqhubeka kwanda, i-e-cigarettes, njengengxenye ye-cigarettes yendabuko, isenayo isidingo esithile semakethe. Isibonelo, idatha ibonisa ukuthi mayelana ne-27.5% yabafundi besikole esiphakeme kanye ne-10.5% yabafundi besikole esiphakeme abancane babike ukuthi basebenzisa i-e-cigarette ezinsukwini ezingu-30 ezedlule, okubonisa ukuthi i-e-cigarettes inesikhalo esithile phakathi kwentsha. Uma ukugadwa kwezingane kungaqiniswa futhi umyalelo wemakethe ungalawulwa, imboni ye-e-cigarette isenayo indawo yokuthuthukiswa.

2. Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo semakethe

2.1

Umthelela wezinqubomgomo ze-macroeconomic ekusetshenzisweni kukagwayi we-e

2.1.1

Inqubo yokuguquguquka kwenqubomgomo kaTrump

Ngesikhathi sokuphatha kukaTrump, inqubomgomo emakethe ye-e-cigarette ibe nezinguquko eziningi. Ekuqaleni, abaphathi be-Trump babehlose ukusayina ukuvinjelwa kogwayi we-e enongiwe, okwakuzovimbela ukuthengiswa kwawo "wonke ugwayi we-e-flavour ongewona ugwayi, okuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo ye-e-cigarette ene-mint kanye ne-menthol." Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, u-Trump uhlongoze ukukhulisa ubuncane beminyaka yabathengi abathenga i-e-cigarettes kusukela ku-18 kuya ku-21. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uTrump uphinde wathi uzohlanza imikhiqizo yomgunyathi kanye ne-shoddy, aqinisekise ukuthi i-e-cigarettes iphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi igcine izingane kude ne-e-cigarettes. Isimo sengqondo sikaTrump mayelana nogwayi we-elekthronikhi sishintshile kusukela ekuvimbeleni ngokuqinile ugwayi we-elekthronikhi onephunga elimnandi, ekucabangeleni ukukhulisa iminyaka yokuthenga, kuya ekugcizeleleni ukuhlanzwa kwemikhiqizo ewumgunyathi neyimbi. Ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinqubomgomo zakhe kubonisa ukucabanga okuyinkimbinkimbi kukahulumeni emakethe ye-e-cigarette.

2.1.2

Isiqondiso senqubomgomo ngokuziphatha kwabathengi

Izinguquko zenqubomgomo kaTrump zibe nomthelela omkhulu ekuzimiseleni kwabathengi ukuthenga nokusebenzisa imikhuba. Lapho uTrump ehlongoza ukuvinjelwa kogwayi we-e enongiwe, ukuzimisela kwabathengi ukuthenga ugwayi we-e-flavour wehla kakhulu. Isibonelo, idatha ibonisa ukuthi phakathi namahemuhemu okuvinjelwa, ukuthengiswa kwama-e-cigarette ane-flavour yehle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinguquko zenqubomgomo ziphinde zenze abathengi ukuthi bakunake kakhulu ukuphepha kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi. Abanye abathengi sebeqale ukuphendukela ekuthengeni ugwayi we-elekhthronikhi onephunga elimnandi, bekholelwa ukuthi uphephe kakhudlwana. Ukwengeza, inqubomgomo yokukhulisa iminyaka yokuthenga ivimbele abanye abathengi abasha ekuthengeni ugwayi we-elekthronikhi, ngaleyo ndlela bashintshe ukukhetha kwabo ukusetshenziswa. Imikhuba yabathengi yokusebenzisa ugwayi we-elekthronikhi nayo isishintshile, futhi banaka kakhulu ukuthenga imikhiqizo eziteshini ezisemthethweni ukuze bagweme ukuthenga imikhiqizo ewumgunyathi neyimbi.

2.2

I-Industrial Panoramic Decoding

2.2.1

I-Industry Status Full Dimension Scan

Ngaphansi kokuphatha kukaTrump, imakethe ye-e-cigarette yase-US iveza isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwezibalo, usayizi wemakethe ye-e-cigarette yomhlaba wonke ngo-2018 wawucishe ube ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-23, lapho usayizi wemakethe kagwayi waseNyakatho Melika wawucishe ube ngama-US $6 wezigidigidi. Njengemakethe ye-e-cigarette enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-United States inesabelo semakethe esibalulekile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwethonya lezinqubomgomo zikaTrump, ukuthambekela kokukhula kwemakethe ye-e-cigarette yase-US kucindezelwe ngezinga elithile. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuvinjelwa kwamahemuhemu, ukukhula kosayizi wemakethe kwehle.

2.2.2

I-Multi-dimensional Perspective ye-Competition Landscape

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-e-cigarette zilungise amasu azo okuncintisana ngaphansi kwethonya lezinqubomgomo zikaTrump. Amanye amabhrendi, afana noJuul, athathe isinyathelo sokususa imikhiqizo enambitheka emashalofini lapho ebhekene nengcindezi yenqubomgomo yokukhombisa ukubambisana kwawo nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uJuul uphinde wagcizelela usizo lwemikhiqizo enongiwe kubantu abadala ababhemayo, ezama ukuthola amathuba emakethe ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuvunyelwe yinqubomgomo. Eminye imikhiqizo iphinde iqinise ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, yethula imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe kwe-nicotine ephansi, nokwandisa ngenkuthalo iziteshi zokuthengisa.

2.3

Ukuxilongwa okunembile kwamathrendi emakethe

2.3.1

Ukulandelela okunamandla komngcele wezobuchwepheshe

Ngaphansi kwesizinda senqubomgomo kaTrump, isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuqamba ugwayi we-elekthronikhi nakho kuthintekile ngezinga elithile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkampani zinaka kakhulu ukuphepha komkhiqizo kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, futhi zandise ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bukagwayi we-elekthronikhi. Isibonelo, ezinye izinkampani zinaka kakhulu ukulawulwa kwezithako ze-e-liquid phakathi nenqubo yocwaningo nentuthuko, futhi zigweme ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingase zibe yingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkampani nazo zisebenza kanzima ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka nokusebenzisa isipiliyoni sikagwayi we-elekthronikhi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe nakho kuhamba ngendlela ehlakaniphe kakhulu, njengokwethula imikhiqizo kagwayi we-elekthronikhi enezici zokulawula ezihlakaniphile, ezingenziwa ngezifiso ngokuya ngemikhuba yomsebenzisi.

2.3.2

Imininingwane mayelana nokuvela kwesidingo sabathengi

Izimfuno zabathengi zokunambitha ugwayi we-elekthronikhi, ukuphepha, njll. nazo zihlala zishintsha. Ngokuphathelene nokunambitheka, ngenxa yemikhawulo yenqubomgomo kugwayi we-elekthronikhi onephunga elimnandi, isidingo sabathengi sikagwayi we-elekthronikhi onokunambitheka kagwayi singakhuphuka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abathengi banezidingo eziphakeme zokuphepha kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi futhi banake kakhulu izinga nezithako zemikhiqizo. Isibonelo, abathengi bazokhetha ukuthenga imikhiqizo eziteshini ezijwayelekile ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimfuno zabathengi zokusebenziseka kalula kanye nokwenza kube ngokwakho ugwayi we-elekthronikhi nazo ziyanda, futhi banethemba lokuthenga imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezidingo zabo kangcono.

3. Ukuhlaziywa Komthelela Wenqubomgomo

3.1

Umthelela Kubakhiqizi be-E-cigarette

Izinguquko zenqubomgomo yokuphatha kukaTrump kugwayi we-elekthronikhi zibe nomthelela ohlukahlukene kubakhiqizi. Mayelana nokuphumayo, ukuvinjelwa kukagwayi we-e-flavour kubangele ukwehla okukhulu komkhiqizo ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza ikakhulukazi ugwayi we-e-flavour. Isibonelo, abanye abakhiqizi abancane be-e-cigarette ekuqaleni babenomphumela ophezulu wama-e-cigarette anongiwe. Ngemva kokuqaliswa kokuvinjelwa, umkhiqizo wabo wehla kakhulu, futhi baze babhekana nenkinga yokusinda. Ngokwezibalo, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokuqaliswa kokuvinjelwa, ukukhiqizwa kwezinye izinkampani kwehle ngo-30% kuya ku-50%. Mayelana nezindleko, inqubomgomo yokukhulisa iminyaka yokuthenga yehlise isidingo semakethe. Ukuze ziphile, izinkampani kufanele zandise ukutshalwa kwezimali zokumaketha ukuze zivule amaqembu amasha abathengi, ngaleyo ndlela zandise izindleko zabo zokusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zenqubomgomo yokuphepha komkhiqizo, izinkampani zidinga ukutshala izimali ezengeziwe ocwaningweni lobuchwepheshe nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, okwandisa kakhulu izindleko. Mayelana nesabelo semakethe, izinkampani ezinkulu kulula ukuzivumelanisa nezinguqulo zenqubomgomo ngethonya lemikhiqizo yazo namandla ezezimali, futhi isabelo sazo semakethe singase sigxile nakakhulu. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokushintsha kwenqubomgomo, amabhrendi amakhulu afana noJuul azinzise isabelo sawo semakethe ngokwezinga elithile ngokususa imikhiqizo enambitheka emashalofini futhi aqinise ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi. Amanye amabhizinisi amancane, angakwazi ukumelana nomthelela wenqubomgomo, kancane kancane alahlekelwe isabelo semakethe emabhizinisini amakhulu.

3.2

Ukulungiswa kweziteshi zokuthengisa

Izinguquko zenqubomgomo zishintshe kakhulu ukwakheka kwesiteshi sokuthengisa kanye namasu okumaketha kagwayi we-elekthronikhi. Mayelana nesakhiwo sesiteshi sokuthengisa, ngokusetshenziswa kokuvimbela ukuthengisa okuku-inthanethi, izinkampani kufanele zithembele kakhulu ezitolo ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ukuze zithengiswe. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yenqubomgomo yokukhulisa iminyaka yokuthenga, izitolo zenyama ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi nazo zibhekene nokugadwa okuqinile futhi zidinga ukuqinisa ukuqinisekiswa kweminyaka yobudala yabathengi, okwandisa ubunzima nezindleko zokuthengisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abanye abathengisi abakhulu abanjengo-Walmart bayeka ukuthengisa ugwayi we-elekthronikhi ngaphansi kwengcindezi yenqubomgomo, baqhubeka becindezela iziteshi zokuthengisa. Ngokwesu lokumaketha, izinkampani kufanele zilungise amasu azo futhi zinake kakhulu ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo kanye nokukhangisa ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ukuze zihehe abathengi. Isibonelo, ezinye izinkampani zaqala ukugcizelela ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi kagwayi we-elekthronikhi onama-flavour kagwayi futhi zenza ukumaketha okunembayo kubathengi abadala. Ngaso leso sikhathi, izinkampani ziphinde zandise ngenkuthalo iziteshi ezintsha zokuthengisa, njengokubambisana nezitolo, iziteshi zikaphethiloli, njll. Ukwengeza, ukuze kubhekwane nezinguquko zenqubomgomo, izinkampani ziphinde zaqinisa ukuxhumana nokusebenzisana neminyango kahulumeni, zabamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo enqubweni yokwenziwa kwenqubomgomo, futhi zalwela ukuba kube nesimo senqubomgomo esivuna kakhudlwana.

3.3

Ukuphromotha noma ukucindezelwa kokuqanjwa kabusha kwemboni

Izinqubomgomo zokuphatha kukaTrump zikhuthaze futhi zavimbela ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo wemboni ye-e-cigarette. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izidingo zenqubomgomo zokuphepha komkhiqizo zenze izinkampani ukuthi zikhulise utshalomali lwazo ekusunguleni okusha kwezobuchwepheshe futhi zikhuthaze inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe embonini. Isibonelo, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokulawula zenqubomgomo zezithako ze-e-liquid, izinkampani zikhulise utshalomali lwazo ocwaningweni lwe-e-liquid nokuthuthukiswa ukuze zenze imikhiqizo ye-e-liquid ephephile nenempilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi nokunambitha kwemikhiqizo yabo, izinkampani nazo zihlale zihlola ubuchwepheshe obusha nezinqubo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungaqiniseki kwenqubomgomo kanye nokugadwa okuqinile nakho kulethe izithiyo ezithile ekusungulweni okusha kwebhizinisi. Lapho izinkampani zenza izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, kufanele zicabangele imikhawulo yenqubomgomo kanye nezingozi, ezingase ziholele ekukhuthazeni okunganele kokuqanjwa kabusha kwebhizinisi. Isibonelo, ezinye izinkampani ziyesaba ukutshala imali eningi ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ngoba zikhathazekile ngomthelela wezinguquko zenqubomgomo emikhiqizweni emisha. Ukwengeza, imikhawulo yenqubomgomo kugwayi we-elekthronikhi onephunga elimnandi futhi inezinkampani ezinomkhawulo ekwakhiweni okusha kwemikhiqizo futhi yenze kwaba nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zabathengi.

Ngokusekelwe kumthelela wezinqubomgomo ze-e-cigarette zangaphambilini zika-Trump, kubikezelwa ukuthi inkambiso yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yemakethe ye-e-cigarette yomhlaba wonke izoveza izici ezimbalwa:

Okokuqala, ukugadwa kwemakethe kuzoba nzima. Inqubomgomo eqinile yokulawula yase-United States emakethe kagwayi we-elekthronikhi ingase ibangele amanye amazwe ukuba alandele okufanayo, futhi amazwe azoqinisa ukugadwa kwemakethe kagwayi we-elekthronikhi futhi alawule ukuhleleka kwemakethe.

Okwesibili, ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kuzoba ukhiye. Ngaphansi kwezinqubomgomo eziqinile zokulawula, izinkampani zizokhuphula ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe futhi zithuthukise ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo semakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncintisana kwemakethe kuzoshuba kakhulu. Ngokuqiniswa kokugadwa kwemakethe kanye nokugqugquzelwa kokusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuncintisana emakethe ye-e-cigarette kuzoshuba kakhulu.

Izinkampani ezinkulu zizoba nenzuzo emqhudelwaneni wezimakethe ngethonya lemikhiqizo yazo namandla ezezimali, futhi isabelo semakethe sizogxila nakakhulu. Izinkampani ezincane zidinga ukuqhubeka nokusungula kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lomkhiqizo namazinga wesevisi ukuze zithole indawo emakethe.

Ekugcineni, imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe izoba banzi. Ngokunaka okwandayo komhlaba wonke emakethe kagwayi we-elekthronikhi, imakethe yamazwe omhlaba izoba isiqondiso esibalulekile sentuthuko yezinkampani zikagwayi. Izinkampani zizoqinisa ukwanda kwezimakethe zomhlaba wonke, zinciphise ukuncika emakethe eyodwa, futhi zithuthukise ukumelana nezingozi.

Uma kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nokuqhubeka kwenqubomgomo, kusenokungaqiniseki ekusebenzeni kwemakethe ye-e-cigarette yase-US esikhathini esizayo. Uma inqubomgomo kaTrump iqhubeka nokugcina isimo sokulawula esiqinile futhi imikhawulo kugwayi we-e-flavour ayixegi, usayizi wemakethe ungase uqhubeke nokucindezelwa. Izinkampani zizobhekana nengcindezi enkulu yezindleko kanye nengcindezi yokuncintisana ngezimakethe, kanti nemingcele yenzuzo ingase iqhubeke incipha.